LAD #21: Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie begins the Gospel of Wealth by stating the the rich and poor are divided. They were once similar homes, clothes, and food and it has changed dramatically. The far relationship does have advantages though because they will have nice arts and it will show human progression. Carnegie believes wealth can be distributed three ways with surplus wealth disposed. One way is passing down money through family, next is by giving it to the public, and lastly is by distributing the money equally, kind of like communism. The first way happens because the family loves their child. This may hurt them though because it is a burden to let them gain this money. The second way of giving money to the public is the only proper way of giving money. After his death, he left his money to build libraries, colleges, and philanthropy. Carnegie was a wise man who became one of the most successful businessmen of America.

LAD #20: Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's step forward was a very big step forward. In 1863, on the first day of January, Lincoln commences the Emancipation proclamation. This proclamation sets all slaves free forever and to stay away from violence unless needed to defend. Lincoln issues this act to all the states with the Union and to all the slaves that support the Union who are in the South. Lincoln issues this address, but not to the rebelled states including: Arkansas, Texas, parts of Louisiana and Virginia, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina.

LAD #19: Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address

In Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln says that a detailed statement is more proper now than an address.Lincoln states that he has no idea when the war will end, but hopes it will pass by fast.  His first address was directed towards saving the Union and attempting to avoid war but "one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came." Lincoln blames the war on the slavery to have separated the country. Both the South and North are similar in many ways because they are all the same people under the same God. Lincoln also states that God's plan will finish what was started. Lincoln will forgive his secessionists as they repair the Union and the destruction. 

LAD #18: Dred Scott Decision

Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice, had one of the most important cases in history to review. The Scott v. Sanford case played an important role on American society and would change the lives of slaves. Taney ruled in favor of Sanford because Scott was a slave and his parents were imported into the country, so therefore he was not a citizen. Scott was unable to sue either because he did not have the rights as a non-citizen. Since the Missouri Compromise did not specify that people had the right to own property, slaves, so Taney ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. Scott was unable to gain his freedom as the court case was held in Missouri, a slave state. Scott's hopes of staying in Illinois would not occur as he was sentenced a slave and not free.

LAD #17: Ain't I a Woman?

Sojourner Truth at the Women's Convention in Akron, Ohio stating her beliefs on women's rights. She believes it is unfair because she comes from unfair treatment. During this time period, blacks and women were not treated fairly and Truth talks about how nobody has helped her into carriages or over mud puddles. Instead she works on plantations and sees her children separate being sold to slavery. Truth believes that men have no right to treat women poorly because God came from a woman which means they should be capable of treating them fairly.

LAD #16: 5th of July Speech

Frederick Douglas begins his speech by asking the audience why is he is there in Rochester. He claims that the Fourth of July is not celebratory day for all. The blacks are unable to celebrate this day because it is only for whites. It is a joke to blacks as the Fourth of July stresses the importance of independence and freedom, yet their own population does not treat them with freedom. "What, to the American slave, is your Fourth of July?" There basically is no point for the blacks to celebrate for the superior races' freedom when they are not allowed to have their own. Douglas ends his speech with saying that he hopes slavery will come to an end someday because it goes against the countries' beliefs within the Constitution.

LAD 15 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

One of the most famous sayings "Fourscore and seven years ago..." brings one of Lincoln's most important moments in his presidency. Lincoln states that the men who are in battle now are not nearly as praised as the ones that sacrificed their lives and died during battle. The men who died risked their lives to determine the correct way of America's position. Also, the men who battled will not die in vain because they are doing it for the "freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."

LAD #14 Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

In Lincoln's First Inaugural Address, he begins his first major topic of slavery. Lincoln believes that he has no right to interfere with it and that the states have the right to to do whatever they want to do. The states have the right and other states cannot interfere according to the Constitution. Also, the fugitive slave law should be enforced to all the states because it is stated in the Constitution. Lincoln goes on to talk about the disunity of the nation. "But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of perpetuity." Lincoln's intentions are in the right direction because he wants to execute the current laws and not have states avoid them. Lincoln comes in to a tough time period because the sectionalism is high, but Lincoln intends to not use force to persuade actions. It is truly up to the people to decide whether war comes or not he promises to "preserve, protect, and defend it." Lincoln's main objection is to preserve unity within the country and keep everyone together, "We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies"

LAD #13 John Calhoun's Speech

In the mind of John C. Calhoun, slavery is the biggest reason for the sectionalism tensions. There are a great gap in between the eyes of slavery in the viewpoint of the North and South. Calhoun would like to preserve the union and states slavery is separating it. Calhoun addresses other topics of sectionalism such as the tariffs and acts that supported certain areas of the country. The South is faced with many wishes to secede from the tensions that are rising between the North and South. Calhoun proposes that peace can be accomplished through making the South more equal with new laws and ways to accept slavery and the South to claim land. Calhoun adds that the South would like to add California to the South or it would be seen as disliking the South. Calhoun was a strong man to propose the Southern feelings and was fit for this job.

LAD #12 Polk's War Message

President Polk begins his speech to state that his efforts to establish good relationships with Mexico were rejected. The Mexicans went off to attack some nearby settlements in America. John Slidell was the cause of this action because peace was accepted with America until he arrived to Mexico. Under General Herrera, the Mexicans denied Sidell violently and was rejected. Under General Paredas, Sidell was again rejected at any chance of resolving situations. Sidell came home with no success which fired Polk up to send troops into Mexico which were at first for security. In the end, Polk cared about his countries freedom only and wanted to fight back.

LAD #11 - Seneca Falls Declaration

The Seneca Falls Declaration was risen up from the people that wanted to make a change. They stood out from the rest because they could not take what they were living with and needed to make the the best of their occupation. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Frances Wright, Ernestine Rose and many others participated in sharing their piece of mind to believe that they are equal. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal". The women state how poorly that they have been mistreated and abused by men including how men take women as property and can take their money and how the man has made her morally irresponsible. Also, the women state their thoughts on solutions that the creator intended for all his people to be equal and that it is the women's responsibilities to speak and encourage teaching. Women played a key role in society and the Seneca Falls Declaration was a step forward in gaining their freedom.

LAD #10 - Monroe Doctrine

President Monroe stated in the Monroe Doctrine that he would not tolerate the actions of interference of America. Monroe set the stage for America being an independent nation and wanting to be recognized as an independent nation. Russia and Great Britain do recognize America as an independent nation because they have peaceful relations. He believes that the other countries in the Americas should not be colonized by European nations and should become their own independent country. However, if European countries come into America and is on the defense, then it will take action for its actions of remaining neutral.

LAD #9

In Jefferson's First Inaugural Address, Jefferson knows this task will be difficult. He is humble for this opportunity and will use his wisdom, virtue and zeal to help lead the country away from conflict. Jefferson also claims he will unite the country with "common efforts for the common good". He addresses that everyone has the freedom of opinion to believe what they want and stresses religious tolerance. Jefferson believes that this Republican government is the strongest on Earth as well. Everyone can continue their views having Federal and Republican views and the government allows industry to occur. Jefferson stresses his beliefs which include equality, peace, trade with other countries, no alliances, support of state government, and the right of election by the people. Also, a good militia is needed until trained warriors will take place. Freedom of speech, press, jury, etc. is key for the people to be happy. These steps that are taken are a revolution and reformation. This will guide America to a better and united nation. Jefferson concludes by saying that he is making decisions for the peace and prosperity of the citizens and asks for forgiveness if he is unable to.

Columbus Blog #8

Should Christopher Columbus be considered a hero or villain? 

Christopher Columbus should be considered a hero to greater extent over being a villain. Columbus tried to find different route to the India, yet discovered America. Even though somebody else probably could have found it eventually, Columbus was the first European to do so. He discovered the land that would soon be turned to fortune, including crops, resources, and land. He created a fight for America between the French, British, and Spain. Yet, neither of these countries gained land there, they affected the culture and the society. Even though, he was the cause for the demolishing of the Indian population, Columbus had much more positive features to offer than negative.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

Summary: Washington's time is up and he owes his gratitude to his fellow citizens. In Washington's Farewell Address he stresses that America is built on patriotism that will unite with the "same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successes." Washington also states that the North, South, East, and West are all connected with commerce and communication between each other which are united together. Washington goes on to talk about the Constitution and that the people have the power to change it at any time. It has the distribution of power, free principles, and is best for the nation, yet will be revised and changed over time from the political parties that will act against each other. Washington warns the nation to try to stay away from foreign influence as this may cause mislead the country and doom them. Washington presents his final goodbye with the most advice and gratitude he could give back to the people. With the statements of unity, national morality, a well developed government, America will become stronger and more united.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

Summary: Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands are against France in war. The United States and Washington take the act of The Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793. This proclamation would make them neutral with all the countries from the first sentence. It would be illegal for any citizens to provide help towards any of the countries in war and violate the nations laws.

Republican Motherhood Blog

1. What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of house wifery to Republican Motherhood?

The  Revolutionary War shaped women to transform out of their known roles of being in charge of the house to gaining new rights and roles. The men respect the women to gain knowledge and raise the household too. Yet, raising the children to become a patriot is a job, she can gain knowledge to teach the children (Document A). With the duties of being with their husband, education is still important. Knowing English, how to write, bookkeeping, and history is important to pass down to the children (Document B). Home is the comfort zone for women at this time period. It is the boundary for them which many never crossed or conquered. Now, the other side leads to the society that can be changed forever (Document D). It is a barrier never broken before this time period, but little pieces of this wall will fall over time.

2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?

This was something that had not been thought of before. Women breaking out of their social home and gaining progress to lead forward. Although, this society has not seen women break out of their normal lifestyle in which chaos will control society (Document D). Yet, having a little freedom for women is acceptable, it is their right place to remain restricted to create a well-ordered family (Document A). The women were given few freedoms, but this society is not ready for the change in lifestyle for women.

3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women's socialization?

Republican Motherhood is the first step in gaining rights for women. Even though it is a tiny step, it is still a step forward. "Religion, fairest off spring of the skies, smiles auspicious on her endeavors; the Genius of Liberty hovers triumphant over the glorious scene," (Document C). The women are gaining ground and should be proud of it. They felt it was not their place to be so they stepped up.

 Mary Gibson Tilghman and her sons by Charles Wilson Peale (1789)

 

 1. Describe the setting.

It shows the woman, Mary Gibson Tilgham, and her sons. The two sons sit on the lap of the mother who is sitting on the couch.

2. Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? How does the women look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?

The center of the portrait seems to be Mary Gibson Tilgham as she is portraying a modest look as she has more light to her than anything else in the portrait. The woman wears just a plain dress with nothing too fancy on herself. She looks republican and not aristocratic because she wears no make up and has just a regular dress.

3. What values do her sons exhibit?

The son on the left with the blue outfit seems to be wearing a soldiers uniform. This shows he is learning to about the army and maybe the father is not present because he is in battle. The other son in the white outfit wears just plain clothes to show that he resembles the modesty of his mother.

4. Is there a significance to the position of Mrs. Tilghman's arm?

The position of the arm holding back the younger child to the other one shows that she tries to make the children behave and teaches them and guides them to be calm and responsible, the role of the Republican Motherhood.

LAD #5: Federalist #10

1.  Why are factions so difficult to eliminate?

"It could never be more truly said than of the first remdy, that it was the worst of the disease." It's difficult to eliminate because people live off of it. With liberty comes political views which fuels the fire of factions. Also, everybody's opinion is different. It is difficult to change everybody's opinions to make it so everybody agrees on one thing. Along with property and wealth can change the influences and interests of different people.

2.  If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled?

Factions can be controlled by having a less majority, it can have the majority defeat the views of the minority. Causes cannot be controlled, only the effects can. For example, having a democracy with a small amount of people and meet with the government in person can prevent the effects.

LAD #4: Revolution Article

5 things I learned after reading this article:

1. 620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War

2. Most people that had lived through the American Revolution had died by the 1820's so there was no pride in the next generation of people

3. Civil War had weapons that could cause more casualties than the Americans in the Revolution

4. One painting from the Revolutionary War was from a battle and no one was firing

5. Washington did not commemorate any of his epic battle wins

LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

1. Democratic Principles: The colonists believed that the British treated them unfairly to an extent that they could not stand it anymore. They no longer wanted a king or a monarchy, but developed the principles of a democracy. They included the freedom that all people have and that each person is equal. They include that the people have the right to change anything about the government based of the majority. They try to get rid of the thought of a king because the monarchy proved to be unjust to the civilians of the colony and they feared it. They also included that they would have "free and independent states". The thought of continuing the monarchy to the colonists would have been torture and they included the king's mistakes for them to part ways.

2. List a handful of grievances: The king's treatment to the colonists was used for the good of Britain, but more unfair to the colonists. The Declaration of Independence includes twenty-eight oppressions against the king. The document includes that king did nothing for the good of the people, kept armies there without the knowing of the legislatures, cutting off trade with other parts of the world, and many more. The people had this right to succeed in creating a better environment for the people. Even though the colonies were used for the benefit of the mother country, they never thought about the determination the colonies had to defeat the British in the American Revolution. With the colonies separating with thoughts of helping the colonists, it created havoc for the two lands.

3. Conclusion: The Americans had the vision to succeed in building a free land without a king and to begin a new government system. The monarchy was ended in the American land to leave behind the hatred against the king's harsh treatment and to start a new beginning with the basics of a democratic system. All decisions are made for the benefit of themselves.

LAD #2: John Peter Zenger

 1. Who was John Peter Zenger?

John Peter Zenger was a newspaper writer that worked for the New York Weekly Journal in the early 1730's.

2. What was the controversy over his charges? Talk about Hamilton's defense.

John Peter Zenger accused Governor Cosby for writing false accusations about him. John Peter Zenger's lawyer Andrew Hamilton told the court that statements were made but not false.

 3. What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition?

This case influenced the government by them now having to allow criticism from the people which was not allowed before.
 
4. What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain.

This case gave free will to the press which meant they could express there thoughts on the government when they weren't allowed to say criticism before.

LAD #1 Mayflower Compact & Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

1) What concepts are included in the Mayflower Compact?

The concepts in the Mayflower Compact include having the first colony with fair laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and officers by making a united government.

2) How does the Mayflower Compact reflect and attachment to both the "Old" and "New" worlds?

The old world was still loyal to the king while the new world wanted democracy and independence from the mother country.

3) How did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact?

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut gave more power to the people to choose the government and commit to more equality than the Mayflower Compact.

4) What prompted the colonists of Connecticut to take this approach to government, i.e.: use of a written Constitution?

The colonists of Connecticut wanted to have more power to choose the government and make sure there isn’t too much power in one person.

5) In what significant way(s) does the Fundamental Orders reflect a fear of and safeguard against the usurping of power by one person or a chosen few?

The Fundamental Orders reflects fear of power by making sure that the governor changes every two years and to have fairness in the courts by sending people from each town for the jurisdictions.

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