LAD #37: Brown vs. Board of Education

In Topeka, Kansas, a young lady named Linda Brown stood up for something probably no other black girl would have the courage to face in 1951. Brown wanted to enter a white school because her black school was farther away than the white school. Brown's father asked the NAACP to see if they would be able to assist their side of the argument. The white side argued that the black schools were still profitable by some as some became succeessful coming out of high school. Brown and the NAACP tried to argue that the term "seperate but equal" was not applicable to minorities. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren wwas the perfect man for Brown as he soon came to the conclusion that Brown was right. The minority position is no place for the term "seperate but equal", thus it was deemed unconstitutional and Brown was given her one shining moment.

LAD #36: Truman Doctrine

On March 12, 1947, Harry Truman delivered one of many important doctrines based on being containing. The Truman Doctrine was delivered to help stop the spread of the many falling countries in Europe. Yugoslavia, Czechoslavakia, East Berlin, and many other European countries are being taken over by the communism of the Soviet Union. The Truman Doctrine related to the two countriesof Greece and Turkey. "Greece is today without funds to finance the importation of those goods which are essential to bare subsistence. Under these circumstances the people of Greece cannot make progress in solving their problems of reconstruction." This shows how Greece was in desperate need of surviving and not falling to the Communism of suffering. Also, Turkey was falling in their economics during this time period. The Truman Doctrine gave $400 million to the two countries in Europe. As a result of Turkey's happiness, Turkey allowed the Americans to establish a base in their country. This doctrine was a true success as it helped stop the Domino Theory during the Cold War Era.

LAD #35: FDR's Executive Order #9066

On February 19, 1942, FDR made the executive order #9066 which was a main way for Japanese Americans to be sent to deportation camps. In the order, FDR gives the Secretary of War and Military commanders the power to have the option of giving these people, food, water, and shelter. Also, he declares that the Secretary of War and Military Commanders to take whatever military actions necessary with the help of the Executive Departments, independent establishments and other Federal Agencies. Also, this document should not be changed in any way.

LAD #34: FDR's Declaration of War

Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivered a declaration on December 8, 1941 to the world. On December 7th, 1941, the Empire of Japan bombed Pearl Harbor as this is "a date that will live in infamy". FDR believes that the Empire of Japan has planned this attack for days or weeks because of the length of the trip. Also, on December 7th, Japan attacked Hong Kong, Guam, Phillipine Islands, and Wake Island. Also, the morning of December 8th, Japan invaded Midway Island. This was very offensive to FDR as he found a sense of victory that the country will pull out in the end. Therefore, he asked Congress to declare war with the Empire of Japan.

LAD #33: FDR's First Inaugural Address

On March 4th, 1933 FDR delivered his first inaugural address to a panicking country. With a new man in, hope was the only thing that the people looked for and FDR delivered. FDR delivers one of his most famous quotes in the beginning of his speech with "the only thing we fear is fear itself". FDR states that the problem with the economy is material property and of the high taxes. FDR's next concern is with the unemployment. Revealing part of his New Deal, he talks about how the people just need to get their jobs back and war could be an option to get many jobs back. This man was the face of America as he will become the most beloved person alive to many Americans. He instills hope in all and executes this with soon to be joy, but he wants to be protected by God and wants him to help all. He ends his speech with "In this dedication of a Nation we humbly ask the blessing of God. May He protect each and every one of us. May He guide me in the days to come."

LAD #32: Kellogg Briand Peace Pact

In 1928, the Kellogg Briand Peace Pact was passed with the help of Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and the French foreign minister Aristide Briand. This pact tried to make it so that war was not used as foreign policy or to put it in easier words the only way a country could go to war is if it must defend themselves. This was one of the most ineffective pacts during this time period as it was difficult to initiate with the other powerful nations including France, Britain, Germany, Italy, and Japan. This pact left nothing to be used for as it failed under Coolidge.This pact can be best remembered as a complete failure as WWII is approaching.

LAD #31: Wilson's Fourteen Points

After Russia leaves the Great War, Wilson discusses the disadvantage to the loss of the Eastern front. Wilson's main goal was to get involved in the war only to create peace for other countries with harmony for all. Next, Wilson introduces his Fourteen Points and it talks about actions with Russia, trade rights, and free water ways. Yet, the main part of all the points was to set up the League of Nations. Although he introduced it, the United States never became involved in the league until later when it made a huge impact to creating world peace. His Fourteen Points were set up to become peaceful with others throughout the world. The nation took small steps forward to become the 'peacekeepers".

LAD #30: Schenck v. United States

Charles Schenck was a man who made mistakes to the government. Schenck told the public that they were going to resist the Conscription Act. This action led to him being in violation of the Espionage Act for insubordination in the military and against recruitment. Schenck took this to the Supreme Court because he wanted to show the Espionage Act violated the first amendments. Justice Oliver Holmes Wendell wrote that the freedom of speech was "clear and present danger" to persuade against Schenck as this did prevail. Schneck lost the case unanimously, yet this ruling has been overturned.

LAD #28: Wilson's Inauguration

The democrat in the 1912 election was elected as president and that man was Woodrow Wilson. Wilson starts off by talking about a new government. With a fresh look, including a democratic government and a democratic house of representatives, this change is a step forward where these civilians should be beneficial for a government like this. This speech lead to the next topic of the big businesses. Wilson talks about the many ways of getting rid of these trusts and monopolies, just like Theodore Roosevelt. His talk would later be proved as he initiated the Clayton-Anti Trust Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, and the Keaton-Owen Act of 1916. Wilson's first step of becoming president was one that should not be forgotten.

LAD #29: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act was an important step forward for children becoming children. This act limited the companies to not be able to employ children at the age of 14 or below or else customers could not buy products from the company. Also, this rule applied for mines with miners being 16 or below. This forced companies to stop employing children and for the children to get back to a regular life and become educated. This rule also applied for night jobs and it regulated jobs to be 8 hours long per day. People that helped promote this act and were against the child labor were people like Karl Marx, Lewis Hine, and Charles Dickens. Hine is most famous for his pictures depicting the tough life of the children working in the factories with many disadvantages, like long hours and poor working conditions. Dickens wrote Oliver Twist to depict the life of an orphan working with street criminals in London. This act was deemed to be unconstitutional by many court cases like Hammer v. Dagenhart and Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company, but was seen constitutional with the U. S. v. Darby, which reversed the unconstitutional ruling. This act helped many children gain their lives back and ruined some companies.

LAD #27: Clayton Anti-Trust Act

On October 15, 1914, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was initiated against monopolies to restrain their powers. In section two of this act, it talks about how it will prevent companies from changing prices to choose their customers. This helps the people choose what type of good they want with plenty of variety. In section three it states "That it shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to lease or make a sale or contract for sale of goods, wares, merchandise, machinery, supplies or other commodities." This section talks about how the act will not allow companies to change their price to drive out other companies. This helped small businesses give them more of a chance and the people more choice. Section seven talks about how companies are not allowed to give other companies stock options to buy them out. The actions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act helped the country and people for better opportunity and variety.

LAD #26: I Have a Dream Speech

Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most important and inspirational speech in the twentieth century on August 28th, 1963. The famous "I Have a Dream" speech has never been forgotten in the hearts of the African Americans during that time period. The speech started off by talking about the Emancipation Proclamation. King talks about how the slaves were meant to be free for one hundred years now and still are not. His next topic was about the Declaration of Independence. He talked about how the declaration includes that all men are equal with unalienable rights. This statement however excludes the black race and this needs to be changed. Next comes the most famous part of his speech where he says, "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: / we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." King delivers one of the most moving speeches in his time in front of the Lincoln memorial, as Lincoln would be proud.

LAD #25: Dawes Severalty Act

The Dawes Act, initiated in 1887 by Grover Cleveland, was for the Indians and it did not favor them. This act relocated Indian tribes to reservations. When the land is given, the Americans could survey it at any time. The amount of land given was based on age, gender, and other aspects. This allows the Americans to gain the Indian land and sell it to the American settlers. Sometimes, the Indians were not given land in the reservation so they had the right to live else where in America. Also, the Americans could construct railroads, highways and telegraphs through these Indian lands.

LAD #24: Cross of Gold Speech

William Jennings Bryan delivered his well known "Cross of Gold" speech on July 9th, 1896. This speech consisted of economic purposes. One reason was mainly to the purpose of using the gold and silver coinage system. This system abused the lower class for too long and change was needed for them. He states that the people need a man like Andrew Jackson where the elite did not have as much power, but it was mainly in the hands of the people. His persuasion of this speech by using strong language would lead Jennings to become a leading candidate for the presidential race.

LAD #23: Populist Party Platform

July 4th, 1892, the populist party platform was initiated. This new party was a responding party that resulted after the Industrialization Era as this party went against big business. The preamble states how "Corruption dominates the ballot-box.... The people are demoralized;... public opinion silenced.... homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists" and that this party wants to fix this. They intend to use many steps to go forward including having unions permanent, wealth belongs to those that earn it, and the government should own the railroads. Financially, they intend to keep the coinage of gold and silver, circulation increase, and the money should be in the hands of the people. In transportation, the government should own it and telephones/telegrams. Also, land should not be monopolized, it should be used for the people.

LAD #22: McKinley's War Message

In 1898, McKinley delivered a war message stating on behalf of America, Cuba, and Spain. These actions are hurting the American economy and the people of America. McKinley urges to end the war to make sure that an annexation does not occur. McKinley realized that neutrality should be the path to take instead of siding with one side. If this action did occur, they would need to follow a four step process. All because of the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine, the war had occurred and the United States of America wanted to protect its economy and commerce with Cuba. These two countries had rising tensions as America and Spain wanted to claim what was theirs.